error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _D3DXCreateFontA@48 referenced in function "void __cdecl createFont(void)

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error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _D3DXCreateFontA@48 referenced in function "void __cdecl createFont(void)

Hi,

I converted a DirectX9 Tutorial built in VC++ 6 to VC++ Express 2005 and was unable to successfully compile it due to the following error:

dx9_texture_filtering.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _D3DXCreateFontA@48 referenced in function "void __cdecl createFont(void)" ( createFont@@YAXXZ)

.\Debug/dx9_texture_filtering.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals

I am quite new at C++ programming, so unsure what might be the cause.

Could anyone help me out please

Thanks a lot!

This is the code I am using:

#define STRICT

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#include <windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <mmsystem.h>

#include <d3d9.h>

#include <d3dx9.h>

#include "resource.h"

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// GLOBALS

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

HWND g_hWnd = NULL;

LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL;

LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL;

LPD3DXFONT g_pd3dxFont = NULL;

LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVertexBuffer = NULL;

LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_pTexture = NULL;

float g_fDistance = 4.0f;

float g_fSpinX = 0.0f;

float g_fSpinY = 0.0f;

struct Vertex

{

float x, y, z;

float tu, tv;

enum FVF

{

FVF_Flags = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_TEX1

};

};

Vertex g_quadVertices[] =

{

{-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f },

{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f },

{-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f },

{ 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f }

};

enum FilterTypes

{

FILTER_TYPE_NONE = 0,

FILTER_TYPE_POINT,

FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR,

FILTER_TYPE_ANISOTROPIC

};

int g_MinFilterType = FILTER_TYPE_NONE;

int g_MagFilterType = FILTER_TYPE_NONE;

int g_MipFilterType = FILTER_TYPE_NONE;

int g_nAnisotropy = 1;

float g_fMipMapLodBias = 0.0f;

bool g_bChangeFilters = true;

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// PROTOTYPES

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow);

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

void loadTexture(void);

void createFont(void);

void init(void);

void shutDown(void);

void render(void);

void setMagnificationFilter(void);

void setMinificationFilter(void);

void setMipMapFilter(void);

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: WinMain()

// Desc: The application's entry point

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance,

HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

LPSTR lpCmdLine,

int nCmdShow )

{

WNDCLASSEX winClass;

MSG uMsg;

memset(&uMsg,0,sizeof(uMsg));

winClass.lpszClassName = "MY_WINDOWS_CLASS";

winClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

winClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

winClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;

winClass.hInstance = hInstance;

winClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DIRECTX_ICON);

winClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DIRECTX_ICON);

winClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

winClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);

winClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;

winClass.cbClsExtra = 0;

winClass.cbWndExtra = 0;

if( !RegisterClassEx(&winClass) )

return E_FAIL;

g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx( NULL, "MY_WINDOWS_CLASS",

"Direct3D (DX9) - Texturing Filtering",

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,

0, 0, 640, 480, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL );

if( g_hWnd == NULL )

return E_FAIL;

ShowWindow( g_hWnd, nCmdShow );

UpdateWindow( g_hWnd );

init();

while( uMsg.message != WM_QUIT )

{

if( PeekMessage( &uMsg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) )

{

TranslateMessage( &uMsg );

DispatchMessage( &uMsg );

}

else

render();

}

shutDown();

UnregisterClass( "MY_WINDOWS_CLASS", winClass.hInstance );

return uMsg.wParam;

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: WindowProc()

// Desc: The window's message handler

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND hWnd,

UINT msg,

WPARAM wParam,

LPARAM lParam )

{

static POINT ptLastMousePosit;

static POINT ptCurrentMousePosit;

static bool bMousing;

switch( msg )

{

case WM_KEYDOWN:

{

switch( wParam )

{

case VK_ESCAPE:

PostQuitMessage(0);

break;

case VK_F1:

++g_MinFilterType;

if(g_MinFilterType > 3)

g_MinFilterType = 0;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case VK_F2:

++g_MagFilterType;

if(g_MagFilterType > 3)

g_MagFilterType = 0;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case VK_F3:

++g_MipFilterType;

if(g_MipFilterType > 3)

g_MipFilterType = 0;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case VK_F4:

g_fMipMapLodBias += 1.0f;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case VK_F5:

g_fMipMapLodBias -= 1.0f;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case VK_F6:

g_nAnisotropy += 1;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case VK_F7:

g_nAnisotropy -= 1;

g_bChangeFilters = true;

break;

case 38: // Up Arrow Key

g_fDistance -= 0.1f;

break;

case 40: // Down Arrow Key

g_fDistance += 0.1f;

break;

}

}

break;

case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:

{

ptLastMousePosit.x = ptCurrentMousePosit.x = LOWORD (lParam);

ptLastMousePosit.y = ptCurrentMousePosit.y = HIWORD (lParam);

bMousing = true;

}

break;

case WM_LBUTTONUP:

{

bMousing = false;

}

break;

case WM_MOUSEMOVE:

{

ptCurrentMousePosit.x = LOWORD (lParam);

ptCurrentMousePosit.y = HIWORD (lParam);

if( bMousing )

{

g_fSpinX -= (ptCurrentMousePosit.x - ptLastMousePosit.x);

g_fSpinY -= (ptCurrentMousePosit.y - ptLastMousePosit.y);

}

ptLastMousePosit.x = ptCurrentMousePosit.x;

ptLastMousePosit.y = ptCurrentMousePosit.y;

}

break;

case WM_CLOSE:

{

PostQuitMessage(0);

}

case WM_DESTROY:

{

PostQuitMessage(0);

}

break;

default:

{

return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );

}

break;

}

return 0;

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: loadTexture()

// Desc:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void loadTexture(void)

{

D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( g_pd3dDevice, "test.bmp", &g_pTexture );

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: createFont()

// Desc:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void createFont( void )

{

//

// To create a Windows friendly font using only a point size, an

// application must calculate the logical height of the font.

//

// This is because functions like CreateFont() and CreateFontIndirect()

// only use logical units to specify height.

//

// Here's the formula to find the height in logical pixels:

//

// -( point_size * LOGPIXELSY )

// height = ----------------------------

// 72

//

HRESULT hr;

HDC hDC;

//HFONT hFont;

int nHeight;

int nPointSize = 9;

//char strFontName[] = "Arial";

hDC = GetDC( NULL );

nHeight = -( MulDiv( nPointSize, GetDeviceCaps(hDC, LOGPIXELSY), 72 ) );

ReleaseDC( NULL, hDC );

// Create a font for statistics and help output

hr = D3DXCreateFont( g_pd3dDevice, nHeight, 0, FW_BOLD, 0, FALSE,

DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,

DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("Arial"),

&g_pd3dxFont );

if( FAILED( hr ) )

MessageBox(NULL,"Call to D3DXCreateFont failed!", "ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: init()

// Desc:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void init( void )

{

g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION );

D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;

g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm );

D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;

ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );

d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;

d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;

d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format;

d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;

d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;

d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hWnd,

D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,

&d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice );

loadTexture();

createFont();

g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 4*sizeof(Vertex), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,

Vertex::FVF_Flags, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,

&g_pVertexBuffer, NULL );

void *pVertices = NULL;

g_pVertexBuffer->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_quadVertices), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );

memcpy( pVertices, g_quadVertices, sizeof(g_quadVertices) );

g_pVertexBuffer->Unlock();

D3DXMATRIX matProj;

D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DXToRadian( 45.0f ),

640.0f / 480.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f );

g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );

g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);

g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: shutDown()

// Desc:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void shutDown( void )

{

if( g_pd3dxFont != NULL )

g_pd3dxFont->Release();

if( g_pTexture != NULL )

g_pTexture->Release();

if( g_pVertexBuffer != NULL )

g_pVertexBuffer->Release();

if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL )

g_pd3dDevice->Release();

if( g_pD3D != NULL )

g_pD3D->Release();

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name : setMinificationFilter()

// Desc :

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void setMinificationFilter( void )

{

if( g_MinFilterType == 0 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);

if( g_MinFilterType == 1 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);

if( g_MinFilterType == 2 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

if( g_MinFilterType == 3 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC);

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name : setMagnificationFilter()

// Desc :

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void setMagnificationFilter( void )

{

if( g_MagFilterType == 0 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);

if( g_MagFilterType == 1 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);

if( g_MagFilterType == 2 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

if( g_MagFilterType == 3 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC);

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name : setMipMapFilter()

// Desc :

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void setMipMapFilter( void )

{

if( g_MipFilterType == 0 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);

if( g_MipFilterType == 1 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);

if( g_MipFilterType == 2 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

if( g_MipFilterType == 3 )

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC);

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Name: render()

// Desc:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void render( void )

{

g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,

D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 1.0f, 0 );

D3DXMATRIX matTrans;

D3DXMATRIX matRot;

D3DXMATRIX matWorld;

D3DXMatrixTranslation( &matTrans, 0.0f, 0.0f, g_fDistance );

D3DXMatrixRotationYawPitchRoll( &matRot,

D3DXToRadian(g_fSpinX),

D3DXToRadian(g_fSpinY),

0.0f );

matWorld = matRot * matTrans;

g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );

g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();

if( g_bChangeFilters == true )

{

setMinificationFilter();

setMagnificationFilter();

setMipMapFilter();

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAXANISOTROPY, g_nAnisotropy );

g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPMAPLODBIAS, *((LPDWORD)(&g_fMipMapLodBias)));

g_bChangeFilters = false;

}

g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, g_pTexture );

g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );

g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( Vertex::FVF_Flags );

g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2 );

//

// Output the current settings...

//

RECT destRect1;

SetRect( &destRect1, 5, 5, 0, 0 );

RECT destRect2;

SetRect( &destRect2, 5, 20, 0, 0 );

RECT destRect3;

SetRect( &destRect3, 5, 35, 0, 0 );

static char strMinFilter[255];

static char strMagFilter[255];

static char strMipFilter[255];

if( g_MinFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_NONE )

sprintf( strMinFilter, "D3DSAMP_MINFILTER = D3DTEXF_NONE (Change: F1)" );

else if( g_MinFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_POINT )

sprintf( strMinFilter, "D3DSAMP_MINFILTER = D3DTEXF_POINT (Change: F1)" );

else if( g_MinFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR )

sprintf( strMinFilter, "D3DSAMP_MINFILTER = D3DTEXF_LINEAR (Change: F1)" );

else if( g_MinFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_ANISOTROPIC )

sprintf( strMinFilter, "D3DSAMP_MINFILTER = D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC (Change: F1)" );

if( g_MagFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_NONE )

sprintf( strMagFilter, "D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER = D3DTEXF_NONE (Change: F2)" );

else if( g_MagFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_POINT )

sprintf( strMagFilter, "D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER = D3DTEXF_POINT (Change: F2)" );

else if( g_MagFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR )

sprintf( strMagFilter, "D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER = D3DTEXF_LINEAR (Change: F2)" );

else if( g_MagFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_ANISOTROPIC )

sprintf( strMagFilter, "D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER = D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC (Change: F2)" );

if( g_MipFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_NONE )

sprintf( strMipFilter, "D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER = D3DTEXF_NONE (Change: F3)" );

else if( g_MipFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_POINT )

sprintf( strMipFilter, "D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER = D3DTEXF_POINT (Change: F3)" );

else if( g_MipFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR )

sprintf( strMipFilter, "D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER = D3DTEXF_LINEAR (Change: F3)" );

else if( g_MipFilterType == FILTER_TYPE_ANISOTROPIC )

sprintf( strMipFilter, "D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER = D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC (Change: F3)" );

g_pd3dxFont->DrawText( NULL, strMinFilter, -1, &destRect1, DT_NOCLIP,

D3DXCOLOR( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) );

g_pd3dxFont->DrawText( NULL, strMagFilter, -1, &destRect2, DT_NOCLIP,

D3DXCOLOR( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) );

g_pd3dxFont->DrawText( NULL, strMipFilter, -1, &destRect3, DT_NOCLIP,

D3DXCOLOR( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) );

g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();

g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );

}

The resource.h file was defined as follows:

#define IDC_MYICON 2

#define IDD_DIRECTX_DIALOG 102

#define IDD_ABOUTBOX 103

#define IDS_APP_TITLE 103

#define IDM_ABOUT 104

#define IDM_EXIT 105

#define IDS_HELLO 106

#define IDI_DIRECTX_ICON 107

#define IDC_DIRECTX_MENU 108

#define IDC_DIRECTX_ACCELERATOR 109

#define IDC_DIRECTX 110

#define IDR_MAINFRAME 128

#define IDC_STATIC -1

// Next default values for new objects

//

#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED

#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS

#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE 129

#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE 32771

#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE 1000

#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE 110

#endif

#endif

Thanks again!


Answer this question

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _D3DXCreateFontA@48 referenced in function "void __cdecl createFont(void)

  • krow

    Hi,

    Thanks for your swift reply. I have tried everything you have suggested but the same error is still persisting. Would you have any other suggestions I really cant understand what is wrong.



  • Charul Shukla

    First, remove the 'TEXT()' macros from Your call of the 'D3DXCreateFontA' function and try again.

    Check that the path to the newest DirectX SDK .libs is the topmost in 'MainMenu->Tools->Options->Projects->VC++ Directories'. Also, check out the include directories. Then make sure that the function 'D3DXCreateFontA' from 'SDK\include\d3dx9core.h' has the same format with that one You use in your program. But it's strange that ASCII version of 'D3DXCreateFont' is called. Whether You set 'MainMenu->Project->Properties->General->Character Set' property to 'not set'... Exam it.

    Note: All the strings You use (LPSTR) are ASCII coded. By the default VS 2005 uses unicode for its projects. Also unicode functions are faster on Win2000/XP/2003 then their ASCII variants. Using ASCII functions under the listed APIs will cause calling of suitable UNICODE functions. But it's vice versa under Win98.

    P.S. At the begining You can also write '#undef UNICODE' and try to compile.

  • Traian

    Sounds like your D3DX DLL is not linked. Add “#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx9")” behind “#include <d3dx9.h>“ and it should work.



  • error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _D3DXCreateFontA@48 referenced in function "void __cdecl createFont(void)
Answer this question